The Upstream Signal Model

Before the emotion word —
there's a signal.

This model maps what happens in between. Emotional experience is not a raw feeling that gets detected — it's a prediction-based construction, assembled across multiple layers before it becomes a word. The Upstream Signal Model is a conceptual framework for understanding that architecture — where signals originate, how they get compressed, and what it means to work closer to the source.

"Emotions are real. They're also downstream. This model starts further up."
Explore the Model
Begin Here
The Signal Map
Something happens — and before you have a word for it, your nervous system runs it through five layers. See how a raw signal becomes an emotion label, and why the word and the signal are not the same thing.
Visual The Core Idea 2 min
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The Nervous System
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How the System Works
Your tank, your burners, the signal in your body — before any word arrives. A visual walkthrough of what your nervous system is actually doing, and why you feel it as pressure.
Visual Laypeople The Fundamentals
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The Full Picture
The Model Explained
A plain-language walkthrough of the upstream model — the predictive brain, what emotions actually are, what a signal is, and why working at the label level often isn't enough. No science background required.
Foundations Plain Language Full Read
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Visual Reference · The Architecture
The Compression System
An interactive diagram of how the signal moves through the full system — salience, structural matching, strategy assembly, and the reflective layer. Where things get compressed, and why the loop closes.
Diagram Interactive The Full Map
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Essay Series · 22 Pieces
The Framework Essays
One concept per essay. Read in order to build the full model, or jump to wherever you're stuck. Nineteen essays available now, with three more coming.
19 Live 22 Total Reading Series
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Reference · Two Languages
Glossary
Every term the model uses — clinical precision on one side, plain language on the other, felt sense on expand. The bridge between the technical framework and the experience it describes.
Terminology Plain Language Reference
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About · Framework · References
About This Work
About Sarah Martinez, the theoretical foundations of the model, and the full reference list — predictive processing, attachment theory, complexity science, and embodied cognition.
About Me Framework References
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"The signal isn't asking to be solved. It's asking to be met."

This site presents a conceptual and educational model of nervous system function. It is not clinical advice, therapy, or a substitute for professional mental health care. If you are experiencing a mental health crisis, please contact a licensed clinician or crisis service.

Reference Map
THE COMPRESSION SYSTEM — Full Architecture Map
click to expand ↗
From prediction error to narrative — and how change actually happens. Tank, burners, procedural priors, construction zone, symbolic layer, relief vs. completion.
"Insight lives at the top of the stack. Change lives at the bottom."
The Compression Stack
Signal → Word: Four Layers of Compression
Narrative
"I've always been this way"
MAX COMPRESSION
Emotion Labels
"anxious" · "depressed" · high compression
HIGH
Constructed Emotion
prediction-assembled state
MID
Belief / Strategy Priors
"if I withdraw, I stay safe"
LOW-MID
Procedural / Embodied
pre-verbal · built before language
MINIMAL
Arousal · Pressure · Valence
the alarm's output — raw signal
RAW SIGNAL
Body + Environment
interoception · sensory input · context
INPUT
"Working with emotion alone is working with a compressed prediction far downstream of the original signal."
A Note on This Model
The Upstream Signal Model is a conceptual and educational framework. It draws from predictive processing research, emotion construction theory, and clinical observation — and represents theoretical interpretation, not established clinical protocol. This site is for learning, reflection, and professional curiosity. It is not therapy, diagnosis, or medical advice, and is not a substitute for professional care.

If you are experiencing significant distress, please reach out to a qualified mental health professional.
Get in Touch
Questions about the framework, collaborations, or just want to reach out — send a note.
[email protected]