The Upstream Signal Model

Before the emotion word —
there's a signal.

A mechanistic model of emotion, prediction, and nervous system function

The theoretical backbone of the Attuned Signal Care framework. A review of the science, a synthesis of original contributions, and an honest account of what is settled, what is hypothesis, and what is still being worked out.

What this site is — and isn't

This is a working theoretical site — for clinicians, researchers, and collaborators who want the science underneath the practice. It is not the clinical framework. The framework, tools, workbooks, and clinical essays live at insideattunement.com.

This site exists to show the source literature this model is built on, to be honest about what is established research and what is original hypothesis, and to invite feedback and collaboration from people working in the same territory. Feedback welcome. New research welcome. This is a learning project.

Clinicians Researchers Collaborators Updated March 2026
The Site
Literature Review · Source Research
The Science
Predictive processing, constructed emotion theory, allostatic regulation, memory reconsolidation, polyvagal theory, and the problem of working at the language layer in a system built bottom-up. Cited. Updated as the field develops.
Friston · ClarkBarrettSterlingPorgesEcker
READ →
Extended Essay · Polyvagal · Research Review
The Ventral Vagal Stream
Three streams, not two. The sympathetic closes the update window. The DMN annotates the prior without revising it. Only the ventral vagal stream — curious, pre-linguistic, non-solving — can update the prior in real time. The research behind it: polyvagal theory, open monitoring, MDMA-assisted therapy, Panksepp's PLAY system.
PorgesPankseppMitchellBrewer
READ →
Visual Reference · Architecture
The Diagrams
Two visual maps of the model — the full signal stream from tank and burners through four gates, and the compression gate architecture showing why updates travel one level at a time backward.
Signal StreamCompression GatesVisual Reference
OPEN →
Theoretical Paper · Original Contributions
The Whitepaper
The full theoretical synthesis — where the model extends beyond established findings, original hypotheses, the four-domain constitutional architecture, permeability as the missing clinical variable, identity-layer rigidity in two directions, and honest contact as the target. Formatted for citation.
Framework PaperOriginal ContributionsHypotheses
OPEN →
About · Sarah Martinez, LCSW
About This Work
About Sarah Martinez and the theoretical foundations of the model. The full reference list — predictive processing, attachment theory, complexity science, and embodied cognition.
AboutReferencesBackground
OPEN →
Looking for the clinical framework? The Attuned Signal Care framework — how to actually work with the signal, the eight-step sequence, clinical tools, essays, and the workbook — lives at insideattunement.com.
Attuned Signal Care Framework ↗